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Anxiety is a major mood disorder, and the high morbidity, co-morbidity and disability of anxiety disorders seriously affect people's quality of life, so the importance and urgency of research on anxiety cannot be overstated. Animal models are the main carriers for studying the mechanism of disease occurrence and development, drug efficacy evaluation and drug development.Unconditioned anxiety model is a common anxiety model.Elevated plus maze test, open field test and light-dark box test are widely accepted paradigms for the detection of unconditioned anxiety.This kind of behavioral paradigm based on environmental exposure takes advantage of the conflict between curiosity and fear of the unfamiliar environment to simulate and detect the anxiety of animals.However, the validity of these behavioral paradigms for evaluating anxiety in animals is questionable.In this paper, we discuss the concept of anxiety, the definition of anxiety behavior in the behavioral test of unconditioned anxiety, and the factors to be considered in the test of unconditioned anxiety behavior.On this basis, new solutions were proposed to the contradictions and blind spots in order to improve the test paradigm of anxiety behavior and provide a more reliable animal model for the evaluation of anxiety.This paper presents a new approach to address the contradictions and blind spots of this paradigm.
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Objective@#To investigate the clinicopathological features, differential diagnosis, and genetic alteration of Langerhans cell sarcoma (LCS).@*Methods@#Four cases of LCS were collected from Fujian Provincial Hospital and Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command of PLA from July 2013 to January 2017. Clinicopathological features and immunophenotype were retrospectively reviewed in four LCS cases combined with genetic mutation analysis of BRAF and ALK.@*Results@#Four cases included 2 women and 2 men with ages from 42 to 79 years (median=59.3 years). The size of the tumors ranged from 2.5-7.8 cm. Histologically, at the low power field, the tumors consisted of highly cellular proliferation in fascicules, whirlpool and diffuse sheets arrangement. The tumor cells were kidney-or horseshoe-shaped to round epithelioid cells or enlarged spindle cells. The neoplastic cells showed cytological atypia, hyperchromatic nuclei with prominent 1 to 2 nucleoli. Multinucleated giant cells were also found. Mitotic activity was approximately (50-70) mitoses/10 HPF. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for S-100 protein (4/4), SOX10(3/4), Langerin/CD207(4/4), CD1a(3/4), CD68(3/4), CD163(3/4), and INI-1(4/4). Ki-67 index was 30%-80%. Gene mutation analysis showed that one case had BRAF V600E mutation but none had ALK gene alteration.@*Conclusions@#LCS is a rare tumor with highly malignant potential and distinct morphologic features.The primary treatment for LCS is completely surgical excision and chemotherapy. The prognosis is generally poor.
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Objective To compare the dosimetric difference among TomoDirect (TD) radiotherapy,Helical Tomotherapy(HT) and volumetric modulated arc therapy(VMAT) in the treatment of upper thoracic esophageal carcinoma.Methods A total of 15 patients with cT2-4 N0-1 M0 upper thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were enrolled.Three plans were generated using the same dose objective for each patient:TD,HT and VMAT.Dose-volume histogram (DVH),homogeneity index (HI),conformal index (CI),dose at organ at risk (OAR),delivery time and monitor unit (MU) were compared among different plans.Results The D2 and D values in the HT and TD plans were significantly lower than those in the VMAT plans.The D98 value in the TD was similar to that in the HT,but lower than that in the VMAT.The HI of HT was significantly better than those of TD and VMAT (F =81.603,P ＜ 0.05).For the CI,there was no significant difference among the three techniques (P ＞ 0.05).For the V15 of lung,HT was significantly higher than TD (t =-2.626,P ＜0.05) and VMAT (t=3.547,P ＜ 0.05).The V20 of lung in TD was similar to that in HT,but higher than that in VMAT (t =2.824,3.052,P ＜ 0.05).The Dmax of spinal cord showed no significant difference among the three techniques.VMAT had a significantly shorter delivery time and lower MU compared with HT and TD (t =21.617,15.693,10.018,7.802,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions HT and TD could gain a better planning target volume (PTV) coverage and HI than VMAT in the treatment of upper thoracic esophageal carcinoma.However,VMAT achieved the lowest lung V20,the least Mus and the shortest delivery time.HT achieved a better PTV coverage compared with TD,but TD had a lower lung V15 Mus and shorter delivery time compared with HT.
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Objective@#To observe the deposition of complement C3d at different development stages in human normal organs and tissues, and investigate the significance of its deposition.@*Methods@#Using immunohistochemical methods, the deposition of C3d was detected at different development stages of 60 normal human organs and tissue specimens and double staining was performed in some specimens. Ninty-five cases of other organs or tissues were collected as control group.@*Results@#In 50 of 60 livers, it was observed the deposition of C3d in Glisson′s capsule and periportal sheath, with irregular linear network-like disposition surrounding the portal sheath. In different age groups, the expression of C3d was more beyond the 20 year-old group than 3 to 20 year-old group. There wasn′t any expression of C3d under 3-year-old group. Under the immuning electron micrograph, C3d depositing at the Glisson′s capsule was observed, without immuning compounding. Thirty in 40 spleens, deposition of C3d in capsules, arteries of lymphatic sheath, follicles in the spleen was observed.@*Conclusions@#The deposition of C3d in Glisson′s capsule, splenic trabeculae, fibrous sheath, endarterium of liver and spleen arterioles, within normal human tissues from patients elder than 3 years, are osmosis/immunogenic deposition. The deposition of C3d is a normal physiological phenomenon, and treatment of the deposition of C3d should be avoided, as it is an immune complex or immuning reaction phenomenon.
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Objective To investigate the value of fused 3D-SPACE and 3D-TOF images in diagnosis of intracranial neurovascular compression syndrome.Methods 26 patients with intracranial neurovascular compression syndrome were examined using 3D-SPACE sequence and 3D-TOF sequence.After 3D-SPACE and 3D-TOF were fused by different times,the quality of image as well as the ability of j udging the relationship between nerves and blood vessels was analyzed and compared between the original images and the fused images.Results In this study,the fused images by adding one 3D-SPACE sequence and one 3D-TOF sequence showed the highest accurate than others(2 1 cases),and the j udgement of the relationship between the responsible blood vessels and nerve accor-ded with the surgical results to the highest extent (P<0.05).Conclusion The fusion image of 3D-SPACE sequence and 3D-TOF se-quence can improve the diagnostic ability of the intracranial neurovascular compression syndrome,and the appropriate proportion of the fusion image can show the relationship between the nerve and blood vessel.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinicopathologic features, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma (EMC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical and pathologic features of 7 cases of EMC encountered in Fujian Provincal Hospital and Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command during the period of 2005 to 2015 were analyzed. Immunohistochemical study and PAS staining were carried out. Relevant literature was reviewed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The male-to-female ratio was 6 to 1. The age of patients ranged from 21 to 50 years (median = 36 years). The maximum tumor dimension ranged from 2.5 to 15.0 cm (mean = 8.4 cm). The sites of involvement included left neck, right shoulder, left thigh, right thigh, right upper arm and abdomen. Most patients presented with painless lumps. Histologically, all cases showed similar features. Low-power examination showed a nodular or lobulated architecture, with intervening fibrous septa and myxoid matrix in the background. The tumor cells were arranged in cords or tufted clusters. They were spindly to epithelioid / rhabdoid (plasmacytoid) in shape, with eosinophilic to sometimes vacuolated cytoplasm. Intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion bodies and coagulative necrosis were focally seen. Mitotic figures were rare (less than 2 per 10 high-power fields). Immunohistochemical study showed that the tumor cells were positive for vimentin (7/7) and INI1 (7/7). They were focally positive for CKpan (2/7), p63 (3/7), CD99 (3/7), S-100 protein (1/7) and synaptophysin (2/7). Ki-67 proliferation index ranged from 10% to 40%. The tumor cells were negative for α-smooth muscle actin, desmin, myoD1, CD34 and CD117. The cytoplasm of the tumor cells was positive for PAS. EWSR1 gene signal was detected in 5 cases.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>EMC is a rare malignant mesenchymal tumor. Arrival at correct diagnosis relies on morphologic examination and immunohistochemistry. Molecular pathology is helpful when necessary. The primary treatment modality for EMC is complete surgical excision and the prognosis is satisfactory.</p>
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Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Chondrosarcoma , Diagnosis , Pathology , Diagnosis, Differential , Immunohistochemistry , Neoplasms, Connective and Soft Tissue , Diagnosis , Pathology , S100 Proteins , Synaptophysin , VimentinABSTRACT
Purpose To analyze clinicopathologic and prognostic features in 9 cases of children endocapillary proliferative glomerulone-phritis with hepatitis B virus antigen deposition ( HBV-ECPGN) . Methods Retrospective analysis of demographic information, clini-cal manifestations, laboratory parameters, pathological and prognostic features was carried out for 9 cases of HBV-ECPGN and 13 cases of acute poststreptococcal infection endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis ( APS-ECPGN) for comparison. Renal biopsy tissue were fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin, stained with HE, PAS and PAM-Masson. Immunohistochemical study with EliVision method was performed. Three cases were submitted for electron microscopy. Results There were 7 males and 2 females ( M ∶ F=7 ∶ 2) of HBV-ECPGN. The median age was 10. 3 years. Serum C4 deposition ratio HBV-ECPGN was significantly greater than APS-ECPGN group (P<0. 05). There was an average of 11. 2 weeks of HBV-ECPGN kidney disease duration, which was significantly lon-ger than an average of 3. 8 weeks of APS-ECPGN group (P<0. 05). There was no disease relapse in all cases during 53. 55 months follow-up. C4d deposit was significantly stronger in all HBV-ECPGN cases compared with control group (APS-ECPGN cases). There were no significant differences in deposit of IgG, IgM, IgA, C3d and C1q between the two groups. HBsAg deposit in juxtaglomerular sites was identified in all cases. Conclusions Serum C4 decrease is more common in HBV-ECPGN than APS-ECPGN. Which may be associated with HBV infection, there is longer disease duration of HBV-ECPGN. C4d deposit is significantly stronger than control group, suggesting pathogenesis of HBV-ECPGN and APS-ECPGN is different. HBsAg deposit may be closely related to the pathogene-sis of HBV-ECPGN. HBsAg deposit in juxtaglomerular sites may be characteristic of HBV-ECPGN.
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Objective To study the effect of three dimensional conformal intensity modulated radiotherapy and prognostic factors for postoperative local recurrent esophageal squamous cell carcinomas.Methods A total of 468 patieuts with postoperative local recurrent esophageal squamous cell carcinomas were retrospectively analyzed.The median interval between surgery and recurrence was 14.95 months (2-252 months).There were 45 patients with supraclavicular lympy node relapse,291 with mediastinal lymph node relapse,4 with abdominal lymph node relapse,15 with anastomosis relapse,89 with supraclavicular and mediastinal lymph node relapse,11 with anastomosis and mediastinal lymph node relapse,7 with mediastinal and abdominal lymph node relapse,1 with supraclavicular and anastomosis relapse,2 with supraclavicular and abdominal lymph node relapse,3 with anastomosis,mediastinal and supraclavicular lymph node relapse.There were 224 patients who received three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy,and the other 244 patients of intensity-modulated radiation therapy,with a median dose of 59.4 Gy (40-70 Gy).A total of 166 patients received adjuvant chemotherapy.Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the survival rate;Log-rank test was used for univariate prognostic analysis;Cox regression test was used for multivariate prognostic analysis.Results The follow-up rate was 95.3％.The recent curative effect in the effective rate was 81.6％,with 41.2％ CR rate.The overall 1,2,3,4 years of survival rates after radiotherapy were 61％,32％,21％,14％ respectively and the median survival time was 17.6 months.Univariate analysis showed that age,.pathologic stage,the number of positive lymph node cleaning,the recurrence area,single or multiple lesions,the size of the lesion,overall response rate,radiation dose,and chemotherapy (x2 =4.814-247.322,P ＜ 0.05) were associated with prognosis.Multivariate analysis showed that age,pathologic stage,the recurrence area,single or multiple lesions,the size of the lesion,overall response rate,radiation dose,and chemotherapy (P ＜0.05) were independent prognostic factors.A total of 370 patients had progressive diseases after radiotherapy,176 had local failure 47.57％ (176/370),148 had distant metastasis 40.00％ (148/370) and 16 had both local and distant failures 4.32％ (16/370).One case died of pneumonia;2 cases died of acute myocardial infarction;1 case died of cerebral hemorrhage;26 cases died of unknown cause (including lost to follow-up).Lung was the most common distant metastatic site.Conclusions Radiotherapy may improve the survival of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients with postoperative recurrence.Patients with less than 70 years old,early postoperative stage,single recurrent lesion,initial small lesions,response to radiotherapy,radiation dose of higher than 59.4 Gy,chemoradiation might have better prognosis.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinicopathologic features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis of multiple Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seven cases of multiple RDD were treated in Fujian Provincal Hospital and Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command of Chinese PLA. The disease was analyzed, focusing on the process of diagnosis, the treatment and follow-up. Histopathology, immunohistochemical profiles and relative literature were reviewed to reveal the characteristics of this disease.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The seven cases, occurred in 3 women and 4 men from 18 to 60 years of age (median 45.71 years), with masses measured of 0.8-6.0 cm (average size of 3.0 cm). Masses located in, left subcutaneous arm, thyroid, paratrachea, left maxilla, right subcutaneous cheek, left subcutaneous chest wall, right subcutaneous inguina, bilateral subcutaneous neck, right tibia, right thigh skin, right frontal lobe of brain, cerebral parafalx and bilateral lymph nodes of the neck, respectively. Among the cases, from the first case to the sixth case were extranodal tissue, and the seventh case was located in lymph nodes. Cases showed progressive increase of the mass. Histologically, all lesions of seven cases were similar with nodular structures presenting with alternating hyper- and hypo-cellular areas. The hypo-cellular areas revealed lymph-sinustoid structure characterized by variable numbers of large histiocytes, which had an abundant cytoplasm, pale to eosinophilic in appearance, phagocytozed intact lymphocytes or emperipolesis. While hyper-cellular areas revealed the infiltration of lymphocytes, plasma cells, neutrophils and numerous collagen fiber. Two cases also revealed the infiltration of lymphoid follicles. Immunohistochemically, the large histiocytes were strongly positive for S-100, CD163 and CD68 protein.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Multiple RDD is rare. In clinic and pathology, it needs to be differentiated from granulomatous diseases, IgG4-related sclerotic diseases, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, fibrohistiocytoma, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, and so on. The primary approach of treatment for multiple RDD is complete surgical excision and its prognosis is good.</p>
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Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Brain Diseases , Pathology , Diagnosis, Differential , Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell , Pathology , Histiocytosis, Sinus , Pathology , Lymph Nodes , Pathology , Lymphatic Diseases , Pathology , Skin Diseases , Pathology , ThighABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy of rapamycin combined with CsA/Tacrolimus (Tac) in chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN).MethodsFifty-three cases of CAN accepted the quadruple immunosuppressive drug program,which contained rapamycin combined with CsA/Tac and MMF and prednisone,and CsA/Tac and MMF were reduced to the original amount of 25％ to 50％.After treatment for 12 months,more relevant indicators,including serum creatinine,glomerular filtration rate,serum cholesterol,triglycerides,urinary protein,GPT and bilirubin and other changes were observed.ResultsIn the patients receiving quadruple regimen of rapamycin during 12 months,the blood Ccr was decreased from (161.51 ± 106.48)μmol/L before treatment to (126.51 ± 56.2)μmol/L after treatment for 6 months (P＜0.05) and to (123.43 ± 54.18)μmol/L after for 12 months (P＜0.01).The GFR was increased from (0.754 ± 0.302) ml/s before treatment to (0.952 ± 0.347)ml/s after treatment for 6 months (P＜0.05) and to (1.007 ± 0.394) ml/s after treatment for 12 months (P＜0.01).Cholesterol and triglycerides in patients had no significant change before and after treatment.The positive rate of proteinuria after treatment showed an increasing trend from 9.4％ before treatment to 26.4％ after treatment for 12 months.ConclusionThe quadruple program of rapamycin combined with CsA/FK506 and MMF can significantly improve Ccr and GFR in patients with CAN,but it can increase the incidence of proteinuria in patients:
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Objective To explore the significance of peritubular capillary C4d deposition in histopathological changes, renal function and prognosis of the patients with antibody-mediated chronic rejection (AMCR). Methods Deposition of C4d in the kidney was examined by irnmunohistochemistry on routine paraffin-embedded sections using anti-C4d polyclonal antibody. Seventy-seven patients were divided into C4d+ group (n = 35) and C4d- group (n = 42). The relationship of C4d and renal function,histopathological changes and prognoses of allografts were analyzed. Results The number of patients with tubular atrophy and glomerular basement membrane proliferation in C4d+ group was significantly more than that in C4d group (P＜0.05). Mean serum creatinine level was significantly higher in C4d+ group than in C4d- group 12 months after renal transplantation [(379.1 + 260.2)μmol/L vs (260.5 + 175.3) μmol/L, P＜0.05]. According to Kaplan-Meier analysis, the one-year graft survival rate was lower in the C4d+ group (62.9% ) than in the C4d- group (83.3% ) (logrank P＜0.05). Conclusion Patients with C4d deposition are associated with tubular atrophy and glomerular basement membrane proliferation. The serum creatinine level in C4d+ patients was significantly higher than in C4d- group at the 12th month after transplantation. More patients with C4d deposition lost their grafts during the study period.
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Two patients underwent liver transplantation of blood type incompatibility were collected from Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA. Case 1: A male who had primary hepatic carcinoma underwent classic orthotopic liver transplantation; the blood of donor was type A, and the blood of recipient was type O. Case 2: A female having history of type B hepatitis underwent classic orthotopic liver transplantation due to pregnancy combining with severe liver disease and coagulation disorder; the blood of donor was type B, and the blood of recipient was type O. Immunohistochemistry staining was used to observe pathological changes and deposition of various immunoglobulin and complement in two cases following liver transplantation of blood type incompatibility under optic microscope and to investigate diagnostic standard of humoral rejection. The results showed that linear or granular depositions of IgG, IgM, IgA, C4c, C4d, and Clq were found in endothelial cells of hepatic sinusoid, suggesting that IgG and other immunoglobulin exhibited a strongly positively diffused deposition on the endothelial cells of hepatic sinusoid, while expression of C4d and other complements was also found. All those mentioned above could be considered as evidences to prove onset of humoral rejection in transplanted liver tissue.
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Curdlan is a water insoluble exopolysaccharide produced by Alcaligenes faecalis under nitrogen-limiting conditions. After excretion, the polysaccharide is attached the cell wall. Thus enhancement of biomass production during the cell growth phase is important to curdlan production. A strategy of increasing nitrogen source to improve biomass production was adopted for curdlan production by Alcaligenes faecalis (ATCC 31749). In the batch fermentation of curdlan, a relatively higher NH4Cl level of 3.6 g/L with continuous glucose feeding increased the cell density leading to improvement of curdlan production. However, excessive NH4Cl would inhibit curdlan production and biomass production was not improved significantly. In addition, feeding of ammonia water at the initial phase replaced NaOH solution to control pH at 7.0. Subsequently, feeding of NaOH solution was resumed to control pH at 5.6 for curdlan production after ammonia was consumed. As a result, biomass production and curdlan yield were both enhanced remarkably. Feeding of ammonia water during the first 24 h led to biomass production of 18.8 g/L. However, higher cell density did not lead to increase in curdlan production. The maximum curdlan production (72 g/L) was obtained by feeding ammonia water for the first 14 h, during which the cell density was about 11.9 g/L.
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Alcaligenes faecalis , Cell Biology , Metabolism , Ammonium Chloride , Pharmacology , Cell Culture Techniques , Methods , Cell Proliferation , Fermentation , beta-Glucans , MetabolismABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the clinical effects of 131I-HAb18F(ab')2 radioimmunotherapy via hepatic artery on PLC with portal vein tumor emboli. Methods Under the condition of thyroid protection and negative dermal sensitivity test, 12 times of intraarterial injection with 131I labeled murine HCC monoclonal antibody fragment HAb18F(ab')2 were performed in 8 patients of PLC complicated with portal vein tumor emboli. A 0.75 mCi/kg dose of 131I was administrated individually into certain target vessel after hepatic artery angiography using Seldinger technique. Results 3 of 7 patients with symptoms of pains showed remission with simultaneous improvement and stabilization in Karnofsky score in 3 and 4 patients respectively. AFP levels decreased about 50%(3/6)in 3 cases among those 6 positives and the values of I.B. and ALT changed within a very narrow range to a certain extent after the treatment. The overall rate of CR + PR was 28.6% and similar better result was obtained in a non-symptomatic diffuse PLC patient.1 year survival rate was 12.5%. Conclusion 131I-HAb18F(ab')2 radioimmunotreating drug(0.75 mCi/kg)with hypotoxicity to liver-function can be used as an acceptable method for unresectable PLC with portal vein tumor emboli, especially for those without tumor emboli in the main trunk.
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Objective To analyze the effects and the complications of partial splenic artery embolization(PSE)and splenectomy offering a feasible way to choose different therapeutic methods for hypersplenism. Methods Forty-six patients treated with PSE and thirty-three undergone splenectomy were compared for their effectivenesses and complications in treating hypersplenism. Results Thrombocyte and leucocyte counts increased markedly after the two kinds of treatment(P 0.05). The complication rate of the PSE was far more than that of the splenectomy(P
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Using the new negative pressure biopsy technology, the automatic negative pressure gun and the specific puncture needle for the biopsy have been developed. Renal biopsies were conducted in 1136 cases, with the success rate being 99.9%, and 29 cases gross hematuria while the hepatic biopsies were conducted in 16 cases, mass biopsies in 3 cases with the success rates being 100% respectively. The biopsy gun has the advantages of easy manipulation, higher success rate and lower incidence of complications.
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Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Middle Aged , Biopsy, Needle , Methods , Equipment Design , Kidney , Diagnostic Imaging , Pathology , Liver , Diagnostic Imaging , Pathology , Needles , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
Objective To study the possible different effects on primary liver cancer of various types of blood supply demonstrated by DSA via hepatic artery radioimmunotherapy with 131Ⅰ-HAb18F(ab')2.Methods Under thyroid protection and negative dermal sensitivity test,46 times of intraarterial injection with a 0.75 mCi/kg dose of 131Ⅰ labeled murine HCC monoclonal antibody fragment [HAb18F(ab')2] were performed in 30 patients of PLC using the Seldinger technique.The shrinkage rates of tumor volume were analyzed according to hyper,moderate and hypo vascular three types provided by DSA.Results The volume shrinkage rates of hyper and moderate vascular HCC were 60% and 37.5% respectively,while that of 2 cases of hypovascular HCC showed significantly reduction.Conclusion 131Ⅰ-HAb18F(ab')2 internal radioimmunotherapy prossesses certain signification volume shrinkage efficacy on different blood supplies provided by DSA.(J Intervent Radiol,2007,16:243-245)
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An indirect ELISA to detect IgM and IgA autoantibodies against liver-specific membrane lipoprotein(anti-LSP)in human sera is described. Human LSP was used as the coated antigen. Serum samples were pre-absorbed by SPA(bacteria)reagent. The results of serial identifications and the detection of 182 patiens with viral hepatitis indicated this procedure was specific, its duplicate was satisfactory, and the method could be valuable for iurther studying the role of anti-LSP in the pathogenesis of viral hepatitis. Key words: ELISA, Liver-specific membrane lipoprotein, Viral hepatitis, IgM, IgA.
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A specific and sensitive radioimmunoprecipitation method was used to detect antibody against liver-specific membrane lipoprotein (LSP) in the sera of 182 patients with viral hepatitis, HBsAg chronic carriers and liver cirrhosis and 40 patients with other diseases as control. The results showed that the highest frequency of anti-LSP was noticed in the patients with severe hepatitis (15 out of 16 cases, 93.8%), and in the patients with chronic active hepatitis, acute viral hepatitis, chronic persistent hepatitis, cirrhosis and other diseases and in the HBsAg chronic carriers the incidences were 83.6%(41/49 cases), 66.2% (43/65), 63.6%(14/22), 55.0%(11/20), 5%(2/40) and 10%(1/10) respectively. The frequencies of anti-LSP in the patients with various types of viral hepatitis were significantly higher than those in the HBsAg chronic carriers and in the patients with other diseases (P
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Antibodies against LSP in the sera of 168 patients with various types of viral hepatitis were determined with SPA-RIA. The sera of another group of 178 patients (109 of them were from the first group) with viral hepatitis were studied with ELISA for the same antibodies, which were further divided into three categories, that is, IgG, IgM and IgA classes. The results of 109 patients examined with both of the two methods, indicated that anti-LSP antibodies measured by SPA-RIA might mainly represent anti-LSP IgG class. It was found that circu-lating anti-LSP antibodies could easily be detected in most patients with either acute or chronic hepatitis. After analyzing the-results, the authors suggest that the humoral immune response against LSP might not be the sole initiating factor in the pathogenesis of viral hepatitis, they are more likely the result of the antigen variation of the injured liver cells.